Un método sencillo para la estimación de la porosidad de un agregado de suelo

4 Pags.- 2 Figs. Trabajo originalmente presentado en las XII Jornadas de Investigación en la Zona No Saturada del Suelo (Alcalá de Henares, 18-20 de nov. de 2015). © de los textos: sus autores[ES] Este trabajo presenta un nuevo método (AM) para estimar la porosidad de agregados de suelo, , expresada como el cociente entre el volumen interno de poros (Vi) y el volumen externo del agregado (VT). VT se calcula a partir de la densidad de partícula, el peso del agregado y el Vi, estimado este último a partir del peso del agregado saturado en alcohol. El método se validó comparando VT por AM con el VT medido por fotogrametría (PHM), sobre 36 agregados de 8-16 mm procedentes de un suelo bajo laboreo tradicional (CT), reducido (RT) y no laboreo (NT). Los resultados muestran una buena relación entre el VT medido con PHM y AM (y = 0,94 x + 0,01; R2 = 0,99). El método fue suficientemente sensible para detectar diferencias entre los sistemas de laboreo. Los agregados de suelo bajo NT y RT presentaron una significativamente mayor que bajo CT.[EN] This work presents a new method (AM) to estimate the soil aggregate porosity, , expressed as the quotient between the internal pore volume (Vi) and the aggregate volume (VT). VT is calculated from the particle soil density, and the aggregate weight and Vi, the last one estimated form the weight of the ethanol-saturated agregate. The method was validated by comparing the VT estimated with AM with the corresponding value estimated by the photogrammetry technique (PHM), on 36 aggregates of 8- 16 mm size collected from conventional tillage (CT), reduced tillage (RT) and no tillage (NT). Results show a good relationship between VT measured with PHM and with AM (y = 0.94 x + 0.01, R2 = 0.99). The values were significantly higher in soil aggregates under NT and RT than those under CT.Este trabajo ha sido financiado por el Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad de España (AGL2010-22050-C03-02).Peer reviewe

Satisfacción de los estudiantes pregrado de Fisioterapia con el material docente facilitado por el profesorado

Introducción: los materiales docentes tienen la función de facilitar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Para ello deben despertar el interés de los estudiantes. Objetivos: primero, conocer la satisfacción de los estudiantes de tercer y cuarto curso de Fisioterapia con los diferentes tipos de materiales docentes proporcionados y determinar si existen diferencias entre ambos cursos; y segundo, estudiar la fiabilidad de la encuesta empleada mediante el análisis de su consistencia interna y los efectos techo y suelo. Material y método: estudio prospectivo en el que participaron 168 estudiantes del Grado en Fisioterapia de la Universidad de Valencia, para el que se elaboró un cuestionario compuesto por 32 ítems. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de los ítems y un análisis comparativo entre cursos. Resultados: la presentación del profesor fue el material docente mejor valorado (que el profesor facilite la presentación proyectada en clase (94 %), porque les ayuda a mejorar su aprendizaje (94 %)). Las publicaciones científicas, mejor valoradas por los estudiantes de cuarto, resultaron en diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre grupos, en mejora de aprendizaje (U = 2.828,5; p = 0,016) y en ayuda para comprender los contenidos (U = 2.881,5; p = 0,030). La fiabilidad total de la escala fue buena (α = 0,824). Conclusiones: la presentación del profesor es el material mejor valorado por todos los encuestados. La principal diferencia entre ambos cursos es su valoración del uso de las publicaciones científicas como material docente. La encuesta empleada presenta una buena consistencia interna, sin efecto suelo, pero se observa efecto techo que debe tenerse en cuenta para futuros trabajos

Saltation transport on a silt loam soil in northeast Spain

16 Pags., 4 Tabls., 4 Figs. The definitive version is available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1099-145XThe Ebro River valley in Northeast Spain experiences regularly strong west-northwest winds that are locally known as cierzo. When the cierzo blows, wind erosion may potentially occur on unprotected agricultural lands. In this paper the first results of field measurements of soil characteristics and saltation transport in the Ebro River valley near Zaragoza are presented. An experiment was conducted on a silt loam soil in the summers of 1996 and 1997. Two plots of 135×180 m were both equipped with a meteorology tower, three saltiphones (acoustic sediment sensors) and ten sediment catchers. The plots were different with respect to tillage practices. One plot received mouldboard ploughing followed by a pass of a compacting roller (conventional tillage—CT), whereas the other plot only received chisel ploughing (reduced tillage—RT). Soil characterizations indicated that soil erodibility was significantly higher in the CT plots than in the RT plots. Consequently, no significant saltation transport was observed in the RT plots during both seasons. In the CT plot, four saltation events were recorded during the 1996 season and nine events during the 1997 season. Most events were preceded by rainfall during the previous one or two days, which reduced saltation transport significantly. It is concluded that the occurrence of wind erosion in the Ebro River valley depends on the timing and type of tillage, distribution of rainfall and soil-surface crusting.The WELSONS project is funded by the European Union under Contract No. ENV4‐CT95‐0182. Peer reviewe

Perfil de las familias usuarias de servicios sociales comunitarios

En el marco de una investigación realizada con una muestra de 151 familias usuarias de los Servicios Sociales Comunitarios del Ayuntamiento de Sevilla, se han explorado diferentes características definitorias de dichas familias, así como sus principales necesidades y el tipo de intervención que están recibiendo por parte de las Unidades de Trabajo Social. En este trabajo se presentan y analizan una serie de resultados que, desde nuestro punto de vista, pueden contribuir a trazar un perfil global de estas familias (configuración familiar, características estructurales del hogar, dinámica familiar, etc.), igualmente se exponen resultados acerca de algunas dimensiones relevantes en el desarrollo psicosocial de los chicos y chicas entrevistados

Economía naranja: una opción de emprendimiento para Colombia de la mano de las instituciones de educación superior

Analyzes of the Colombian entrepreneurial ecosystem have identified opportunities around the Orange Economy. Additionally, its articulation with higher education has great potential to contribute to the training of professionals that generate employment, which contribute to the development and well-being of vulnerable populations. The article presents the first results of a research aimed at designing an internationalization model of the Orange Economy between two Latin American cities: Bogota (Colombia) and Zacatecas (Mexico). To do this, it explores different links between entrepreneurship and the academy, as well as the recent incorporation of the Orange Economy, not only as an alternative for generating income, but also adding a component of creativity.Los análisis del ecosistema emprendedor colombiano han identificado oportunidades alrededor de la economía naranja. Adicionalmente, su articulación con la educación superior tiene un gran potencial para contribuir en la formación de profesionales generadores de empleo, que contribuyan al desarrollo y bienestar de poblaciones vulnerables. El artículo presenta los primeros resultados de una investigación orientada a diseñar un modelo de internacionalización de economía naranja entre dos ciudades latinoamericanas: Bogotá (Colombia) y Zacatecas (México). Para ello, explora diferentes vínculos entre el emprendimiento y la academia, así como la reciente incorporación de la economía naranja, no solo como una alternativa de generación de ingresos, sino que añade un componente de creatividad

An evaluation of wind erosion hazard in fallow lands of semiarid Aragon (NE Spain)

32 Pags.- 5 Tabls.- 4 Figs. The definitive version is available at: http://www.jswconline.org/Long fallowing (16-17 months), in the cereal-fallow rotation, may favour soil losses by wind erosion in agricultural soils of semiarid Aragon (NE Spain). With the objective of evaluating the risk of wind erosion in this area, soil losses for the most critical period of fallow (February-April) were estimated from a total of 67 fallow fields by using the Wind Erosion Equation (WEQ). All soils were medium-textured soils being the loam the most frequent textural class (45%). The CaCO3 content in the soil was higher than 200 g kg-1 in 90% of the fields. Mouldboard plough, chisel plough, and disk harrow were the main primary tillage tools used by farmers during fallow. Soil cover by crop residues was negligible (20 Mg ha-1). The WEQ estimated erosion reductions to tolerable levels if reduced tillage, with chiseling as primary tillage, is adequately adopted in the dryland cereal production areas of semiarid Aragon.This research was supported by the Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología (Grant no. AGF98-0261-CO2-02).Peer reviewe

Do Stakeholders Modulate Philanthropic Strategy? Corporate Philanthropy as Stakeholders’ Engagement

Corporate philanthropy, as an expression of commitment to the common good, can contribute to the creation of social value in companies. This corporate philanthropy can be managed in various ways. The choice of how to channel corporate philanthropy could be, in accordance with stakeholder theory, the result of companies’ interactions with key stakeholders and, in accordance with the theory of signaling, a signal that companies use to respond to their demands. This approach contributes to the literature on bottom-up initiatives (stakeholder–managers) as opposed to top-down strategies (board–stakeholders) in relation to corporate social responsibility, which is becoming increasingly important in a society where networks of communication, cooperation and interaction are established. To this end, a study was conducted on 221 European companies indexed in the Dow Jones Sustainability Indices in the year 2018. The findings have several practical implications: The management of corporate philanthropy should take into account the stakeholders’ requirements, and stakeholders show greater affinity and trust with the company when philanthropy is channeled through foundations. By contrast, donations are not associated with stakeholder attitudes. As a theoretical implication, this paper supports the theories of stakeholders and signaling by explaining the role of philanthropy in the relationship with stakeholders.RD PROJECTSEuropean Union (EU) B1-SEJ-387-UGR1

Does the Use of Social Media Tools in Classrooms Increase Student Commitment to Corporate Social Responsibility?

This research was funded by R&D Projects. European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) Andalusia 2014–2020 Operational Program, grant number B1-SEJ-387-UGR18.There is an increasing demand for ethical and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practices by companies. This competence has to be introduced in students’ training in business degree programs, and a check must then be done to determine if the students have come to appreciate the importance of CSR commitments. Using the framework of Stakeholders Theory, this work aims to examine students’ perceptions of ethical and CSR practices and commitment to different stakeholders, as well as the factors that lead students to act in a socially responsible way. Furthermore, we hope to identify how the perception of CSR can be improved when Web 2.0 and social media tools that have proven effective in transmitting emotions and values are used in classrooms to teach these ideas. To this end, a survey was carried out in the year 2019 with 1,030 first-year students; it was administered at the beginning of the semester and also at the end of the semester after the training activities had been carried out. The main finding of the research is that students start with the belief that ethics and CSR are developed for reasons of image and legitimacy; however, after receiving training on these topics through tools that take into account emotions and values, they start to value the importance of the company as an agent of social change. The main practical and managerial implication is that methods based on Web 2.0 and social media tools are useful to teach ethics and CSR; the theoretical contribution is that students take into account the welfare of others. This finding contributes to Stakeholder Theory in a higher education context.RD ProjectsEuropean Regional Development Fund (ERDF) Andalusia 2014-2020 Operational Program B1-SEJ-387-UGR1

Relación entre la madurez vocacional y la motivación hacia el aprendizaje académico

Currently, the demands, responsibilities and obligations to enter the workforce are greater and the vocational decision-making process becomes increasingly difficult, therefore, it is necessary to encourage schools to seek guidance strategies that facilitate tools and a adequate advice to students.Vocational Maturity is defined as the degree to which a person adopts a decision based on the knowledge of their academic and professional alternatives, after analyzing their values, goals, interests, abilities and personal and social conditioning factors (Lucas and Carbonero, 2003).There are many motivational dimensions that influence academic commitment and that must be taken into account in order to influence student academic performance (Rodríguez, 2009). From this study, it is considered that one of these variables is vocational maturity and therefore, the objective is to know if there is a relationship between Vocational Maturity and the motivation towards learning in a total sample of 1540 subjects belonging to 27 Centers Educational Secondary Education of the provinces of Badajoz and Cáceres, with ages between 15 and 19 years.The methodology used in this study is descriptive through a quantitative paradigm by means of two survey-type instruments: to measure the Motivation towards Learning, the MAPE I questionnaire was used by the authors Jesús Alonso Tapia and Javier Sánchez Ferrer (1992 ), and for the measurement of the Vocational Maturity the CMV questionnaire adapted from Rosa (2015) was used.The results obtained show that there is a relationship between both variables for the three dimensions studied in the Motivation towards Learning.Actualmente, las exigencias, responsabilidades y obligaciones para incorporarse al mundo laboral son mayores y el proceso de toma de decisiones vocacional se torna cada vez más difícil, por ello, resulta necesario animar a los centros educativos a buscar estrategias de orientación que faciliten herramientas y un asesoramiento adecuado al alumnado.La Madurez Vocacional se define como el grado en que una persona adopta una decisión basada en el conocimiento de sus alternativas académicas y profesionales, previo análisis de sus valores, metas, intereses, habilidades y condicionantes personales y sociales (Lucas y Carbonero, 2003).Son muchas las dimensiones motivacionales que influyen en el compromiso académico y que deben tenerse en cuenta para incidir sobre el rendimiento académico del alumnado (Rodríguez, 2009). Desde este estudio, se considera que una de estas variables es la madurez vocacional y por ello, el objetivo que se plantea es conocer si existe relación entre la Madurez Vocacional y la motivación hacia el aprendizaje en una muestra total de 1540 sujetos pertenecientes a 27 Centros Educativos de Educación Secundaria de las provincias de Badajoz y Cáceres, con edades comprendidas entre 15 y 19 años.La metodología utilizada en este estudio es de corte descriptivo a través de un paradigma cuantitativo mediante dos instrumentos de tipo encuesta: para la medida de la Motivación hacia el Aprendizaje se utilizó el cuestionario MAPE I de los autores Jesús Alonso Tapia y Javier Sánchez Ferrer (1992), y para la medida de la Madurez Vocacional se utilizó el cuestionario CMV adaptado de Rosa (2015).Los resultados obtenidos muestran que si existe relación entre ambas variables para las tres dimensiones que se estudian en la Motivación hacia el Aprendizaje

Effects of tillage on the soil water retention curve during a fallow period of a semiarid dryland

31 Pags.- 2 Tabls.- 7 Figs. The definitive version is available at: http://www.publish.csiro.au/srTillage practices have a significant influence on the soil hydro-physical properties. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of tillage on the α (a scaling factor) and n (a pore size distribution parameter) van Genuchten soil water retention curve parameters during an 18-month long fallow period in a semiarid dryland. Three different tillage systems employed during 23 years of trials were compared: conventional (CT), reduced (RT) and no-tillage (NT). Measurements of soil bulk density (ρb) and the soil water retention curve θ(ψ) were performed at 0–10, 10–20 and 20–30 cm soil depths. The θ(ψ) was determined with the Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR)-pressure cells at the following pressure heads: 0.5, 1.5, 3, 10, 50, 100, 500 and 1500 kPa. From these data, α, n and the SDexter index were evaluated. The 0–40 cm depth soil volumetric water content, θ, was also measured in the field using the TDR technique. Compared with CT and RT, NT had the highest θ values during all the fallow period. No significant influence of soil depth on θ(ψ) was observed in all tillage treatments at each sampling date. Although under consolidated soil conditions no significant differences in ρb and the water content at saturation (θs) were observed among tillage treatments, NT had the highest and lowest values of ρb and θs, respectively. The loosening of soil due to tillage practices in CT and RT significantly decreased ρb and increased θ at the wet-end section of θ(ψ). Post-tillage rainfall resulted in significant decreases in θs, α and the maximum value of the pore size distribution (PSDmax). The different soil structure created by mouldboard ploughing (CT) and chiselling (RT) explained the higher PSDmax under RT than CT. The most important changes in θ(ψ) followed the first copious effective rainfall events (>10 mm) after tillage. These facts enabled the soil to recover the pre-tillage water retention curve shapes and the van Genuchten parameters pre-tillage values. Effective rainfall events in the late fallow had a minor effect on the water retention curve. Although tillage tended to increase n, this change was not significant. The SDexter index, which was also affected by tillage, was greater than 0.035 during all the fallow period, indicating good soil physical quality.Peer reviewe